E110 FA19 Class Blog

Thesis: Takes a look back on African Americans education and the educational gaps between whites and African American. Also addresses how legislation has never took our need for education serious so we could remain handicapped in a way.

Audience: Targets general population. Addressing resources provided to those of different SES and ethnicities. Author wants change to occur so everyone can REALLY start to become equal.

Ethos: Cited the infamous case of Brown vs. Board of Education, along with other cases regarding education, as his supporting facts to drive his point home. Also brought up different demographic studies to support him as well.

Pathos: The author mentioned the type of environment minorities are in that affects their education and motivation to better their life. Most of them feel as if they’re stagnant and will stick with what they know. In comparison with the white suburban environment and the resources they receive. Author added his own personal experience to pull more heartstrings.

Kairos: To this day, performance gaps are still a major occurrence and inner-cities still lack proper and sufficient funding in all aspects, so education falls to the waist side in most scenarios. And major SES differences hinder too because the parents couldn’t send their kids to better schools even if they wanted to.

Tone: Very serious and formal bc its addressing a form of racial segregation that has been happening for hundreds of years.

Thesis: “Given the conflicts underway in the country, this essay explores the consequences of climate change—particularly the increased probability, strength, and duration of drought—that in turn led to political, social, and especially economic conditions that allowed for the beginning of a civil war”

• Bell’s thesis is located in the middle of his introduction paragraph
• Bell puts his thesis there in order to set up his claim in the beginning of the paragraph and to then explain how his paper is structured and what major points he will be covering.

Audience: Both younger and older generations, as he talks about climate change and a civil war, as well as anyone concerned with the Syrian civil war.

Ethos: Bell has a professional view on this situation demonstrating good knowledge and a firm lead about his topic

• He quotes many valid scientists and researchers to support his argument and make it stronger
• has strong vocubalry and professional word choice

Logos: Uses many facts and statistics on what climate change and water mismanagement has done to Syrian Agriculture and economy

• Cites researches conducted by professional scientists throughout his paper
• “The 2007-2008 season harvest only produced 2.1 million tons of wheat, which is less than half of the long-term average harvest of 4.7 million tons (de Châtel 524). The actual percentage decrease in wheat harvest is more than 55%. Of the typical 4.7 million tons produced during a wheat harvest, 3.8 million tons are typically consumed internally (de Châtel 524).”
• All examples are related to his thesis and appear in every paragraph.”

Pathos: expresses concern about his matter to relate to others with the same concern and to convince us to act on the situation

• He includes “what if” questions to get the reader to think about the situation in more depth. “If action had been taken in Syria? What if Assad actually enacted and enforced legislation to alleviate the conditions favorable to drought before it began? Would the outcome be different?”
• He connects all of his topics of discussion back to climate change showing that the big picture behind everything that is going on is that we should all be worrying about what climate change can do to our world

kairos: His argument is made at a very good time as climate change is a global concern that has a lot of research and funding to see if it is real and what it can do to us in the future. The Syrian civil war is still going on to this day as well, so he is showing a lot of insight into the problems theor country is facing now to show what climate change could do to other countries.

Thesis: “Protest does not signify the absence of patriotism; rather, it is an exhibition of patriotism. Protest provides all people with an equal opportunity to raise awareness of the issues that plague their country and argue for ways in which it can be made better.” “One key lesson being that protesting is an essential part of American democracy whose practice should be valued and respected by all.”

Audience: Modern Americans who view the act of protesting itself as disruptive and unpatriotic.

Ethos: “I believe the same can be said about today’s society, and how white Americans are unwilling to acknowledge the continued oppression of blacks.” This is the only instance in which the author uses “I” and doesn’t share any personal anecdotes or obvious political opinions.

Logos: “The outright denial of the right to free speech and the right to assemble peaceably clearly conflicts with America’s ideals. It is unreasonable for a person to take out their anger on the act of protesting itself, as this is only a way to discredit what others are protesting for.” The author uses logic to show that the American ideal of protest being a protected act makes protest patriotic. They also show that attacking protesting itself only draws attention away from the issues at hand.

Pathos: “Americans view King’s preferred method of nonviolent direct action, described here, as the “correct” model for how people should protest today. They value him because of how peaceably he was able to enact positive change, although King wasn’t as revered in the 1960s as he is today. Instead, he was portrayed as a troublemaker with ill intentions, which proves that it takes time for people to adjust to the positive change that is so often brought about by protest.” The author uses a former negative representation of Martin Luther King Jr., a venerated figure in American culture and politics, to appeal to the emotions of readers.

Kairos: “The past decade has seen a rise in the number of movements for change, as well as in the number of participants.” “That said, there is a dangerous notion floating around that protesting is something destructive, as opposed to something constructive.” The author connects the current political climate, resulting protests, and further scrutiny of those movements to make a case for protecting Americans’ right to protest.

This layout may be a little weird only because I took notes first.

• Artificial nails are so popular that so many people are getting infected unknowingly
• Those who do and receive nails get infected with the methacrylates 
• Methacrylates cause allergic reactions to people who get fake nails
• Gel polish that can be an at-home salon experience also contain methacrylates 
• Long term effects can be asthma
• Extended exposure to methacrylates can leave nail technicians unable to continue their profession due to respiratory illnesses
• Can also cause nerve damage specifically in hands
• Methacrylates should not be a part of cosmetics 
• Equally toxic through skin as ingestion, lethal to rats at 100 ppm
• Technicians have extended exposure to methacrylates that can be harmful
• From nail glue
• “safe as used when application is accompanied by directions to avoid skin contact because of the sensitizing potential of ethyl methacrylate”
• Required labels lack sufficient warning
• “If the FDA does not adjust rules promoting the safe and fair usage of polymerization chemicals in nail products, the production of methacrylate-containing nail glues and lacquers will only continue to hurt businesses by deterring clients and manicurists from receiving and performing nail services if they are unable, or unwilling, to hurdle the perverse health risks these chemicals pose.” (I just thought this line was killer)

Thesis: 

“However, numerous studies have linked methacrylates to an array of uncomfortable allergic reactions in nail salon customers, as well as dangerous long-term health problems in nail technicians. Nonetheless, little action has been taken to reduce the use of these chemicals.” (added in introductory paragraph, near end that had a really good closing sentence) 

Target audience:

People who get their nails done, people who do others’ nails, nail polish/glue companies

Lots of Logos, with facts – constantly backed up and cited 

Ethos: 

Speaks as someone trying educate for others’ safety. Cited journals and research articles. 

Pathos:

Not much pathos as it was very largely logos, lots of Kairos in the beginning as they explained the increase of nail services for men and women. 

Very rational argument. Personally if I reacted from my nails being done I would understand and argue alongside this author.

Thesis: Dream analysis/interpretation can help trauma/PTSD patients heal and learn to cope better than traditional treatments.

Target Audience: The target audience of this essay could be towards psychologists, scientists, or therapists and patients suffering from trauma and/or people searching for assistance.

Logos: The author uses evidence from case studies and other professional research. She cites example in nearly every body paragraph and connects everything well to her findings and thesis.

Ethos: The tone of the piece is professional and serious. The author uses sophisticated diction with use of good grammar to appear more professional. They also cite professionals in the psychology field, as well as themselves to appeal to the general reader.

Pathos: As mentioned earlier, the author cites their own experience with trauma to appeal to the general reader but also to be relatable to others. There are many people who suffer trauma/PTSD or other mental illnesses who can somewhat relate to her situation. They also cite examples of case studies with children, which tends to emotionally grasp a reader more. The author’s description of dreams in relation to mentality also makes it relatable. The tone of the essay is genuine.

The entire essay itself is a genuine, moral argument. The author researched a topic she related to and clearly cares a lot about. She wants to bring awareness to treating trauma and to help not only herself, but others.

Thesis: “Unfortunately, current data on the achievement gap between African American and white students in the United States suggest that the legacy of slavery and discrimination in America persists to the modern day, raising alarm for the present necessity to fight for equality of education.” Strong, suggesting moral relativity when regarding modern day racism and inequality in an educational setting. Sets up the personal bias relying on the interracial effects of white privilege.

Audience: Towards the general public. Suggesting the barriers within resources or lack there of when discussing the differences of the broad scale of the white and African American population in the United States. Assuming the author is trying to promote change in the general social system.

Logos: Explains the “…major rift in income, race distribution, and public school performance…” Shows the audience that the clear correlating inconsistency relying on social classes and relative educational preferences. Emphasizes racial ideas and the everlasting effects from prior racist history. (Slavery and the repercussions of withholding the ability to create civil educational rights in the past) Mentions Brown v. Board of Education and the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Ethos: Tone is serious regarding racial bias. Demographics shifts. Sites socio-economic trends showing struggling African Americans attempting to keep up with the wealthy white students.

Pathos: Draws in the audience with cognitive dissonance, presenting slavery and historic mistreatment of differing races. The “legacy of slavery.”

Kairos: Uses current information of the unequal treatment between the correlation of races and social classes. Sadly may continue to be relevant as racism continues to be prevalent under the United States administration. (Triggering the connection of the past and present, extremely important issues still plaguing the United States)

Thesis: It is up to festival officials to change the rhetoric and focus on absolute drug eradication within contemporary music festivals to a more hands-on, harm-reduction approach.

Audience: The target audience for this paper is likely festival goers and those interested in going to a festival

Logos: Logos is established through the many outside sources the author incorporates into the paper. These sources support her main argument and add to the legitimacy of the paper, making it effective. She also adds many facts and statistics about drug use at festivals that helps support her message.

• Tells exactly what kind of drugs are being used
• Includes perspectives from many different professionals related to the topic
• Pulls data from past years / festivals
• Details information about past approaches

Pathos: Pathos is used in this article when the author tries to make readers sympathize with the festival attendees. It is made to seem like they are being unfairly treated and targeted during their experience. It also relates to the everyday person, because a good percentage of people have or want to experiment with drugs or have gone to a festival, which makes them feel like they need a safe way to conduct what they are choosing to do.

• Tells how people are treated in the festival
• Helps raise support for harm reduction programs by showing the good it is doing for people who need it

Ethos: The author helps establish a sense of authority by quoting reputable people and publications. She also mentions in the information about herself off to the side that she went to a festival and watched people doing drugs, which makes her perspective much more credible.

• Tells of her background
• Draws on credible sources and tells why they are credible

Kairos: This is relevant now because music festivals are on the up and coming. They always have been popular, but more and more are popping up and they keep expanding because of the increased demand. This also comes with increased drug use during festivals, which makes this essays call to action all the more important now.

By Maya Walker

Thesis: “The root of this unrecognized internal turmoil was an acclimation to suicidal tendencies, one of the core values in today’s memes. That’s right: internet memes played a role in my depressive spiral.” 

• This is at the end of the first paragraph
• This is in this positioning because after giving a little emotion and insight into her own life in the introduction, this was an attention grabber to pull the audience in to read the rest of the essay with interest in the topic

Target audience: teens her age (Gen z) or people concerned about teens mental health today 

• She uses lots of examples from health departments in the US and UK and professionals in the mental health field which could garner towards more of an adult audience
• But, she also uses actual images and memes as her examples so she uses it as her way to target people who have knowledge of the large expanse of meme culture online which is targeted more towards our generation.

Logos: As mentioned, she uses various examples from professionals and health services in multiple countries who have spoke on behalf of her topic.

• She cites reddit pages dedicated to wholesome memes, and screenshots of meme accounts/memes from various social media platforms
• She also used quotes by trained professionals and statements made by the UK parliament and the US Department of Health & Human Services

Ethos: The tone of her essay is very serious due to the topic mentioned in it.

• She uses words such as depression, mental health, and suicide as ways of really serving the serious tone of the essay
• “The internet should not be one’s sole source of emotional support, and the idea that it even could be is wildly ludicrous and incredibly dangerous for suffering teenagers.” This quote uses words that make the audience understand how strongly she feels about the possible effects mental health jokes may have on struggling youth.

Pathos: She uses memes as examples to make it relevant.

• The picture examples throughout the essay can be used as relevant because lots of teens and internet users may recognize them
• “For some, it can be liberating to see other people online going through the same struggles that they have felt, and to know that they are not alone.” This quote is countering her argument a bit but is an example of how maybe someone a part of the audience may read her essay and think that the memes are helpful for them and their struggle, knowing that someone else feels the same way as them

1. Thesis:
   • While photojournalism may be exploitive, this exploitation is not always unethical and sometimes even necessary in creating an image that is both beautiful and impactful (Smolen, 2018).
     1. The location of this thesis concludes the intro, leads into the rest of the essayProvides a clear, specific argument from which the reader can understand the:
        • Purpose of the essayStructure of the essay
2. Target Audience:
   • Average viewers of news mediaGeneral public
     1. The general public views news media as a source of informationModern news has an impact on the public in shaping its worldview
3. Logos
   • “According…(“Code of Ethics”).”
     1. Cites NPPA for the primary goal; supports argument with facts
     2. Reasoning for argument
     3. Consistent with citations from NPPA
   • Sebastião Salgado
     1. Pulls figures in photojournalism, establishes a basis for examples
   • Paolo Pellegrin

1. Ethos
   • “According…(“Code of Ethics”).”
     1. Cites NPPA for reputation
     2. Establishes base for what is true in the field of photojournalism
   • David Finkelstein
   • Michael Kimmelman
     1. Cites “experts” for facts
2. Pathos
   • “While people…he captures”
     1. Speaks to exploitation
     2. Speaks about controversy
     3. Elicits anger or defense
   • Speaks about targeting readers
     1. Trauma/ PTSD
        • Suffering
     2. Starting conversations
     3. Keeping goals and truth in mind David FinkelsteinEthos
   • “According…(“Code of Ethics”).”
     1. Cites NPPA for reputation
     2. Establishes base for what is true in the field of photojournalism
   • David Finkelstein
3. Pathos
   • “While people…he captures”
     1. Speaks to exploitation
     2. Speaks about controversy
     3. Elicits anger or defense
   • Speaks about targeting readers
     1. Trauma/ PTSD
        • Suffering
     2. Starting conversations
     3. Keeping goals and truth in mind